Process for breaking petroleum emulsions



Patented Mar. 31, 1942 UNITED PROCESS son BREAKING PETROLEUM sMULs oNs Melvin De Groote, University City, and Bernhard Kaiser,

Petrolite Corporation, Ltd., Wilmington, corporation of Delaware Application January 25, 1941, Serial No. 375,975

No Drawing.

Webster Groves, Mo., assignors to Del., a

8 Claims. (Cl. 252-333) One object of our invention is-toprovide a novel process for resolving petroleum emulsions of the water-in-oil type, that are commonly referred to as cut oil, roily oil, emulsified oil,

etc., and which comprise fine droplets of naturally-occurringwaters or brines dispersed in a more or less permanent state throughout the oil which constitutes the continuous phase of the emulsion.

(c) That the'sulfonic acid be a mahogany petroleum sulfonlc acid.

The compounds herein described are deriva- -tives of surface-active sulfonic acids, which, in

the case of mahogany acids, are essentially oilsoluble, but may also show water-solubility to a greater or lesser degree.

By surface-active it is intended to mean that a relatively dilute solution of alkali metal Another object is to provide an economical and rapid process for separating emulsions which have been prepared under controlled conditions i from mineral oil, such as crude petroleum and relatively soft waters or weak brines. Controlled emulsiiication and subsequent demulsification under the conditions just mentionedis of signifi 'molal sulfonic acid be indicated by the conventional formula:

' asoan then ahydroxylated esten which may actually have more than one hydroxyl group in the radical which replaces the sulfonic acid hydrogen atom, may be indicated by'the following formula:

RSOaTOH o If such ester, for instance, the ester derived from ethylene glycol, is treated with sulfuric acid, one then can obtain a sulfate of the sulfonic acid ester, as indicated in the following manner:

RSOaCaHiEQli-EEEHSO;

A neutralization product derived therefrom by the use of ammonium hydroxide. forexample;

may be indicated by the following formula:

' RSO3C2H4SO4NH4 certain added provisosi (a) That the sulfonic acid in the form of a salt or acid, be surface-active, as subsequently defined;

e (b) That the ester derived therefrom prior to sulfation, be water-insoluble; and

cant value in removing impurities, particularly salts, for instance, the sodium or potassium salt and also the ammonium salt, in a solution containing a few tenths of a percent or thereabouts, will show a marked lowering of the static surface tension in comparison with distilled .water. In the present instance, the sulfonic acids or their salts being oil-soluble, surface-activity may be indicated by the ability or characteristic property of producing water-in-oil emulsions, and sometimes by the ability to cause oily vehicles to foam or froth. Usually, the acids themselves show the same surface-active property as the salts.

Although the types of compounds employed as thedemulsifler in our herein described process for resolving petroleum emulsions, are new chemical products, certain of the raw materials used in the manufacture of said chemical compounds, for example, mahogany acids, are well known compositions of matter. Due to the fact, however, that mahogany acids may be derived in a variety of ways1and may show a difference in degree, we will describe a suitable procedure for producing" mahogany acids that are particularly adapted as raw materials in the manufacture of the compounds herein contemplated.

It is obvious that the procedure herein employed need not be limited to the mahogany acids,

but may be employed in connection with other surface-active sulfonic acids, such as fatty S111? ionic acids, fatty. aromatic sulfonic acids, alkylaryl sulfonic acids, and the like. Such broad aspect is contemplated in our co-pending applicain which there is a detailed description of a large v The material of the kind above described illustrates the compounds herein contemplated with tion, Serial No. 375,974, filed January 25, 1941,

variety of acceptable types of sulfonic acids which may be employed as reactants to produce compounds analogous to the particular specie or subgenus herein contemplated,

The present invention relates to a sub-genus of the broad class just described. It is concerned only withoil-s'oluble sulfonic acids of the kind commonly referred to as mahogany sulfonic acids. Mahogany sulfonic acids are often produced along-with green 's'ulfonic acids. For this reason it appears most convenient to refer to the production of both types of sulfonic acids, even though the present invention contemplates only a compound derived from the mahogany acid type.

The conventional refining treatment of certain lubricating oil distillates derived from petroleum, white oils, certain raflinates, etc. includes the application of fuming sulfuric acid. This reacts with the oil or similar body, producing a black sludge containing unreacted sulfuric acid and certain types of sulfonic acids. Though the concentration of SO: in the fuming acid may vary considerably, a 20 percent fuming acid is employed in a majority of cases. As a result of the high degree of sulfonation obtained in the acid treatment, a considerable amount of sulfonic acids is produced. These are principally of two types, i. e., the so-called water-soluble type predominantly contained in the sludge, and the socalled oil-soluble type predominantly found in the oil to the extent of a few percent or more. The acid application is regulated in the manner well known in the art to produce the desired sulfonation reaction, and in general temperatures not exceeding 140 F. are preferred. The acids contained in the sludge, while limitedly soluble,

if at all, in hydrocarbon oils, are highly watersoluble, imparting to their aqueous solution a dark green or gray-green color, and being for this reason generally referred to as green petroleum sulfonic acids. Such acids are. also known as sludge layer acids, sludge acids, or water-soluble petroleum sulfonic acids. The acids left in solution in the oil impart a reddish color to the oil, and for this reason, or possibly for other reasons, are generally referred to as mahogany petroleum sulfonic acids. They are also known as oillayer petroleum sulfonic acids or oil-soluble petroleum sulfonic acids. After the separation of the oil from the acid sludge, the mahogany sulfonic acids are removed from the oil either directly as such, in accordance with the method described in U. S. Patent No. 2,050,345, toLiberthson, dated Aug. 11, 1936, or by the ordinary refining method comprising conversion of the acids into salts by direct neutralization of the acid-treated oil, followed by suitable extraction.

Mahogany acids are usually marketed in the form of salts because they can be handled most conveniently without corrosion of the container. Such salts can readily be converted into the corresponding acids by any convenient means, and particularly, by methods previously indicated. In the present instance the compound herein contemplated, and particularly for use as a demulsifier, is derived from the anhydrous acid. Thus. any method for yielding the free acid may be such that the acid is obtained in an anhydrous state, or else, must be converted to the anhydrous state by any conventional means, as, for example, such methods as hereinafter described. Particular attention is directed to U. S. Patent No. 2,125,300, dated August 2, 1938, to Kesslerand Salzmann. This patent describes a method of preparing substantially pure free mahogany sulfonic acids. As to other patents which are of interest in the preparation of petroleum sulfonic acids, attention is directed to the following United States patents, to wit:

No. 2,115,843, dated May 3, 1938, Dawson; 2,158,680, dated May 16, 1939, Retailliau; 2,166,- 117, dated July 18, 1939, Blumer; 2,168,315, dated Aug. 8, 1939, Blumer; 2,188,770, dated Jan. 30, 1940, Robertson; 2,201,119, dated May 14, 1940, Blumer et al.; 2,203,441, dated June 4, 1940, Oliver: 2,203,443, dated June 4, 1940, Ross;

2,203,440, dated June 4, 1940, Oliver; 2,209,445, dated July 30, 1940, de Mering.

The method of manufacturing hydroxylated esters of sulfonic acids is well known, although direct reaction between a sulfonic acid and a polyhydric alcohol such as ethylene glycol is not applicable, for the reason thatone obtains little or no yield of the hydroxylated ester. One procedure contemplates the conversion of sulfonic acids into the sulfonchloride, and subsequently reacting the sulfonchloride with the polyhydric alcohol with the liberation of hydrochloric acid. Another method involves reaction between the sulfonic acid, or preferably, a salt, such as the sodium salt, and a chlorohydrin, such as ethylene glycol chlorohydrin,

The preferred way of preparing such materials is to use the procedure described in U. S. Patent No. 2,208,581, dated July 23, 1940, to Hoefielmann. Briefly stated, the procedure employed is to obtain a free sulfonic acid in an anhydrous state and treat with a compound containing an ethylene oxide radical. As typical examples of applicable compounds may be mentioned glycerine epichlorhydrin, glycide alcohol, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butene-2-oxide, butene-loxide, isobutylene oxide, butadiene oxide, butadiene dioxide, chloroprene oxide, isoprene oxide, decene oxide, styrene oxide, cyclohexylene oxide, cyclopentene oxide, etc.

Note, however, that there are certain differences between the procedure employed for the manufacture of the intermediate raw material and the procedure as employed in said aforementioned Hoeffelmann patent. The Hoeifelmann method contemplates treatment of sulfonic acids which are not necessarily surface-active, for instance, benzene-sulfonic acid, with an olefine oxide, so as to produce materials, which, for the main part, are water-soluble and surface active. It happens that invariably the esters of the high molal sulfonic acids are insoluble in absence of a recurring ether linkage. In order to obtain compounds of the kind herein. c'ontemplated, one must stop treatment with the olefine oxide, i. e., oxyalkylation, before water solubility is obtained; and furthermore, it is desirable to stop water solubility at the earliest stage. In other words, the olefine oxide employed, whether ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, glycidol, methyl glycidol, or the like, is a comparatively expensive reagent; and one is only concerned with obtaining a :reactive hydroxyl radical for a subsequent sulfation step. There is no objection to the presence of a recurringether linkage, provided that the ester is still water-insoluble. This may be illustrated in the following manner, using ethylene oxide as the reactant:

RSQ3C2H4OH RSOaCzH-rOCzHqOH RSO3C2H4OC2H4OC2H4OH 'RSO3(C2H40) nH are just as satisfactory, provided that the ester, prior to sulfation, is water-insoluble. In some obtaining a mateinstances the presence of the recurring ether linkage may give some added desirable charac teristic. Ordinarily speaking, one is concerned only with minimum reactant cost; and thus, the use of an excess amount of the olefine oxide is not justified. One is not attempting to obtain water solubility by means of the expensive oxyalkylation step. As has been emphasized, the ester obtained must be water-insoluble, regardless of how much or how little alkylene oxide is employed. Generally speaking, 40 moles of alkylene oxide per mole of sulfonic acid may be considered as an upper limit, but obviously, solubility is influenced by the alkylene oxide employed. Butylene oxide naturally will not cause a sulfonic acid to be converted into a watersoluble ester as readily as ethylene oxide.

Thus, having obtained hydroxylated waterinsoluble esters-and they may be polyhydroxylated and may or may not contain the recurring ether linkage-the next step is to submit them to a conventional sulfation process. The sulfation of such materials is the conventional procedure employed for the suliation of fatty acids, or fats containing the hydroxyl radical or ethylene linkage, such as oleic acid, olein, ricinoleic acid, triricinoiein, monostearin, and the like. A similar procedure is employed in the sulfation of amides derived from fatty acids and hydroxylated amines, such as the stearic acid amide of m onoethanolamine. A similar procedure is employed in connection with the sulfation of high inclal alcohols and other similar materials.

Briefly stated, the procedure consists in treating the material with an amount of sulfating agent at least molecularly equal to the material to be sulfated; and usually, the sulfating agent is employed in considerable excess, for instance, from 50% excess to 200% excess, based on molal proportions. Sulfating agents include sulfuric acid of commerce, monohydrate, oleum of various strengths, chlorosulfonic acid, sulfamic acid, etc. Sulfonation is generally conducted at a relatively low temperature, from approximately zero degrees centrigrade to a temperature of 35-40 or thereabouts. Sulfation can be conducted in the presence of a solvent, such as liquid sulfur dioxide, chlorinated hydrocarbons, dioxane, ethyl ether, propyl ether, etc. Sometimes it is desirable to add materials which tend to take up any water which may be formed, such as organic anhydrides, including acetic anhydride, When sulfation is complete, which is usually indicated by absolutely clear solubility of the sulfated product, it is generally washed immediately, so as to remove the excess sulfating agent. Washing is generally conducted with cold water, chilled brine, or ice. The sulfated material is permitted to separate and the dilute draw-off acid withdrawn. The sulfated mass may be employed as such, or may be neutralized in any convenient manner with any one of the conventional basic materials frequently employed, such as caustic soda, caustic potash, ammonia, various hydroxylated amines, including monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine; and nonhydroxylated amines, including amylamine, benzylamine, cyclohexylamine, and the like. Such materials may be neutralized with polyvalent compounds, such as calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, polyamines, including ethylene diamine, diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, etc.

Example 1 A mahogany sulfonate obtained from the manufacture of white oil from Pennsylvania grade of crude petroleum is treated in the manner described in the aforementioned Kessler and Salzmann Patent No. 2,125,300. The material so obtained may contain moisture in varying amounts from a few tenths of a percent, to an appreciable amount. If the amount of moisture present represents more than two or three percent, or even in such instances where this relatively small percentage is present, it is preferably converted to the anhydrous state by admixture with xylene or a similar high boiling solvent. The amount of solvent employed may be several times the volume of sulfonate. Such xylene is distilled oif and carries with it any moisture or water present. The vapors are condensed and the water separated from the xylene. The xylene can be returned to the sulfonated mass being dehydrated so as to permit a continuous process in which the xylene is used repeatediy. When the sulfonation mass is reduced to a substantially anhydrous state, the xylene is distilled ,oiT, unless it is desired that a small amount be present, so as to yield a fluid sulfonated mass for subsequent reaction. The anhydrous sulfonic acid, so obtained, in the presence or absence of a selected inert solvent, is reacted with one to three moles of ethylene oxide in the manner described in the aforementioned Hoeiielmann Patent No. 2,208,581, so as to yield a Water-insoluble ester; such ester is sulfated in the conventional manner employed for such type of material with approximately 65% by Wieght of monohydrate. The sulfation is most conveniently conducted in apparatus designed to mix even solid materials with the sulfating agent. A sulfation temperature of approximately 35-45" C. is employed. The acid is added as rapidly as possible, and as a rule, sulfation can be completed within 24 hours. When suliation is complete, the acid mass should give an absolutely clear, limpid, solution in water. Failure to obtain such clearly soluble sulfated mass is due to either over-sulfation or under-sulfation. Over-sulfation means that the period of sulfation is too long and decomposition of the suliated material took place progressively with sulfation. In such case, it is probable that the period of sulfation should be decreased somewhat. Under-sulfation can be corrected by increasing the volume of sulfating agent or increasing its activity, for instance, using a mixture of oleum and monohydrate, or else perhaps, extending the period of sulfation slightly. As is understood by those skilled in the art, such sulfation procedure depends on the particular sulfation employed; and there is no difiiculty in varying these factors so as to obtain absolutely water-soluble properties. When sulfation is complete, the mass is washed with cold water, or preferably, with a mixture of chipped ice and water. The amount of water added is preferably equal to the amount of sulfating agent added. The mixture is stirred and allowed to stand the minimum length of time necessary to give a complete separation. Sometimes separation is hastened by the use of a chilled brine instead of water, or by the addition of a solvent, particularly if such solvent is not objectionable in the final product. Such solvent may be a material of the kind exemplified by xylene, kerosene, propyl ether, and the like. After separation is complete, the waste acid is withdrawn and the acid mass neutralized in any convenient manner. Generally speaking, it is our preference to neutralize with ammonia to slightly past the methyl orange end-point, i. e., until the material shows just the silghtest basicity. The product, so obtained, may be employed for various purposes, and particularly for demulsification.

Example 2 The same procedure is followed as in Example 1, except that one obtains a mahogany acid from a Pennsylvania base wax distillate and follows the procedure described in Retailliau Patent No. 2,158,680.

Example 3 The same procedure is followed as in the preceding example, except that one employs a rafiinate produced in the sulfur dioxide extraction of a mixed base high boiling oil.

Example 4 The same procedure is followed as in Example 2, except that the petroleum sulfonate is derived from a Gulf Coastal naphthene base crude.

Example 5 w sirable, or even more desirable for demulsification of certain crude oils than are the corresponding water-soluble types.

It is understood that in all the previous examples, as has been emphasized, the sulfonic acid employed is anhydrous, or substantially anhydrous. Any suitable method may be employed for drying the sulfonic acid, as, for example, a vacuum evaporator of the proper design; or the material may be mixed with a comparatively high boiling solvent, such as xylene, which can be distilled ofi in a manner to carry along the water, and subsequently, permit the combined vapors of xylene and water to be condensed. The condensed xylene is returned to the distillation vessel, and the water eliminated by a trap. This is a conventional process and requires no further description.- In the sulfation step it has been previously pointed out that a solvent may be employed, particularly if the material employed is substantially solid at the sulfation temperature. A class of very suitable solvents includes the chlorinated alkanes, such as chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichlorethylene, dichlorpentane, etc. Incidentally, in some instances, particularly where glycidol is used for oxy-alkylation, one may obtain an'ester in which more than one acid sulfate radical is introduced.

Conventional demulsifying agents employed in the trealment of oil field emulsions are used as such, or after dilution with any suitable solvent, such .as water; petroleum hydrocarbons, such as gasoline, kerosene, stove oil, a coal tar product, such as benzene, toluene, xylene, tar acid oil, cresol, anthracene oil, etc. Alcohols, particularly aliphatic alcohols, such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, denatured alcohol, propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, octyl alcohol, etc., may be employed as diluents. Miscellaneous solvents,

such as pine oil, carbon tetrachloride, sulfur dioxide extract obtained in the refining of petroleum, etc., may bev employed as diluents. Similarly, the material or materials herein described, may be admixed with one or more of the solvents customarily used in connection with conventional demulsifying agents. Moreover, said material or materials may be used alone, or in admixture with other suitable well known classes of demulsifying agents.

It is well known that conventional demulsifying agents may be used in a water-soluble form,

or in an oil-soluble form, or in a form exhibiting both oil and water solubility. Sometimes they may be used in a form which exhibits relatively limited oil solubility. However, since such reagents are sometimes used in a ratio of 1 to 10,000,

somewhat lower cost than is possible with other available demulsifiers, or conventional mixtures thereof. It is believed that the particular demulsifying agent Or treating agent herein described will find comparatively limited application, so far as the majority of oil field emulsions are concerned; but we have found that. such a demulsifying agent has commercial value, as it will economically break or resolve oil field emulsions in a number of cases which cannot be treated as easily or at so low a cost with the demulsifying agents heretofore available.-

In practising our process, a treating agent or demulsifying agent of the kind above described is brought into contact with or caused to act upon the emulsion to be treated, in any of the various ways, or by any of the various apparatus now generally used to resolve or break petroleum emulsions with a chemical reagent, the above procedure being used either alone or in combination with other demulsifying procedure, such as the electrical dehydration process.

The demulsifier herein contemplated may be employed in connection with what is commonly known as down-the-hole procedure, i. e., bringing the demulsifier in contact with the fluidsof the well at the bottom of the well, or at some point prior to their emergence. This particular type of application is decidedly feasible when the demulsifier is used in connection with acidification of calcareous oil-bearing strata, especially if suspended in or dissolved in the acid employed for acidification.

In the hereto appended claims, the word acyl" is used in reference to the radical R802; i. e., one can conveniently consider the sulfonic acid RSOsH in terms of a formula indicating part of its structure, to wit, R.SO2.OH.

In the hereto appended claims the words polyhydric alcohol" are used in the conventional sense to include not only materials of the type exemplified by glycerol and ethylene glycol, but also materials of the kind in which the carbon atom chain is interrupted at least once by an oxygen atom, as for example, diethylene glycol, diglycercl, etc.

It may be well to emphasize that compounds aazaies of the kind herein described may be manufac tured by any suitable method; and it is not intended to limit the compounds to any particular method of manufacture. When manufactured by the use of an alyklene oxide, it is our preference to use ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, or butylene oxide.

It is to be noted that the sulfato sulfonates and the sulfato sulfonic acids referred to in the claims are surface-active in the same sense that sulfonic acids themselves are surface-active. Furthermore, it is to be noted that some sulfonic acids might be of the polysulfonic acid type, i. e., as exemplified by disulfonic acids. There is no objection to the use of such raw materials as reactants, and it is obvious that such procedure presents a means bywhich one obtains an ester in which either one or both terminal hydroxyl radicals may be sulfated.

It is-understood that the petroleum sulfonic acids herein contemplated as reactants for the production of our new chemical compound or demulsifler, may be derived from paraflin base crudes, naphthene base crudes, aromatic base crudes, or mixed types representing two or more of the aforementioned classes.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A process for breaking petroleum emulsions of the water-in-oil type, characterized by subjecting the emulsion to the action of a demulsifler comprising a sulfato sulfonate derived from a polyhydric alcohol in which one hydroxy hydrogen atom has been replaced by the acyl radical of a mahogany petroleum sulfonic acid; and

another hydroxy hydrogen, atom of said polyhydric alcohol has been replaced by the linkage:

which in turn is united with a cation; said compound being further characterized by the fact that the selected sulfonic acid and selected polyhydric alcohol must be such that the hydroxylated ester derived by replacing one hydroxy hy drogen atom of the aforementioned polyhydric alcohol by the aforementioned acyl radical is water-insoluble.

2. A process for breaking petroleum emulsions of the water-in-oil type, characterized by subjecting the emulsion to the action of a demulsifier comprising a water-soluble sulfato sulfonate derived from a polyhydric alcohol in which one hydroxy hydrogen atom has been replaced by the acyl radical of a mahogany petroleum sulfonic acid; and another hydroxy hydrogen atom of said polyhydric alcohol has been replaced by the linkage:

which in turn is united with a cation; said compound being further characterized by the fact that the selected sulfonic acid and selected polyhydric alcohol must be such that the hydroxylated ester derived by replacing one hydroxy hydrogen atom of the aforementioned polyhydric iier comprising a water-soluble sulfato sulfonate derived from an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol in which one hydroxy hydrogen atom has been replaced by the acyl radical of a mahogany petroleum sulfonic acid; and another hydroxy hydrogen atom of said, polyhydric alcohol has been replaced by the linkage:

which in turn is united with a cation; said compound being further characterized by the fact that the selected sulfonic acid and selected polyhydric alcohol must be such that the hydroxylated ester derived by replacing one hydroxy hydrogen atomof the aforementioned polyhydric alcohol by the aforementioned acyl radical is water-insoluble.

4. A process for breaking petroleum emulsions of the water-in-oil type, characterized by subjecting the emulsion to the action of a demulsifier comprising a water-soluble neutral sulfato sulfonate derived from an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol in which one hydroxy hydroxygen atom has been replaced by the acyl radical of a mahogany petroleum sulfonic acid; and another hydroxy hydrogen atom of said polyhydric alcohol has been replaced by the linkage:

which in turn is united with a cation; said compound being further characterized by the fact that the selected sulfonic acid and selected polyhydric alcohol must be such that the hydroxylated ester derived by replacing one hydroxy hydrogen atom of the aforementioned polyhydric alcohol by the aforementioned acyl radical is water-insoluble.

5. A process for breaking petroleum emulsions of the water-in-oil type, characterized by subjecting the emulsion to the action of a demulsifier comprising a water-soluble neutral sulfato sulfonate derived from an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol in which one hydroxy hydrogen atom has been replaced by the acyl radical of a mahogany petroleum sulfonic acid; and another hydroxy hydrogen atom of said po yhydric alcohol has been replaced by the linkage:

o ll which in turn is united with a cation: said compound being further characterized by the fact that the selected sulfonic acid and selected polyhydric alcohol must be such that the hydroxylated ester derived by replacing one hydroxy hydrogen atom of the aforementioned polyhydric alcohol by the aforementioned acyl radical is water-insoluble; said aliphatic polyhydric alcohol being characterized by the fact that the hydrocarbon radical present contains at least two carbon atoms and not more than six carbon atoms.

6. A process for breaking petroleum emulsions of the water-in-oil type. characterized by subjecting the emulsion to the action of a demulsifler comprising a neutral water-soluble sulfato sulfonate derived from an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol in which one hydroxy hydrogen atom has been replaced by the acyl radical of a paramn type mahogany petroleum sulfonic acid; and another hydroxy hydrogen atom of said polyhydric alcohol has been replaced by the linkage:

which in turn is united with a cation; said compound being further characterized by the fact that the selected sulfonic acid and selected polyhydric alcohol must be such that the hy droxylated ester derived by replacing one hydroxy hydrogen atom of the aforementioned polyhydric alcohol by the aforementioned acyl radical is water-insoluble; said aliphatic polyhydric alcohol being characterized. by the fact atoms.

I which in turn is united with a cation; said another hydroxy hydrogen atom of said polyhydric alcohol has been replaced by the linkage:

which in turn is united with a cation; said com pound being further characterized by the fact that the selected sulfonic acid and selected polyhydric alcohol must be such that the hydroxylated ester derived by replacing one: hydroxy hydrogen atom of the aforementioned polyhydric alcohol by the aforementioned acyl radical is water-insoluble; said aliphaticpolyhydric alcohol being characterized by the fact that the hydrocarbon radical present contains at least two carbon atoms and not more than six carbon 8. A process for breaking petroleum emulsions of the .water-in-oil type, characterized by subjecting the emulsion to the action of a demulsifier comprising a neutral water-soluble sulfato sulfonate derived from an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol in which one hydroxy hydrogen atom has been replaced by the acyl radical of a mixed type mahogany petroleum sulfonic acid; and another hydroxy hydrogen atom of said polyhydric alcohol has been replaced by the linkage:

compound being further characterized by the fact that the selected sulfonic acid and selected polyhydric alcohol must be such that the hydroxylated ester derived by replacing one hydroxy hydrogen atom of the aforementioned polyhydric alcohol by the aforementioned acyl radical is water-insoluble; said aliphatic polyhydric alcohol being characterized by the fact that the hydrocarbon radical present contains at least two carbon atoms and not more than six carbon atoms.

' MELVIN DE GROO'IE.

BERNHARD KEISER 

